NFS 是Network File System的縮寫，即網(wǎng)絡文件系統(tǒng)，一種使用于分散式文件系統(tǒng)的協(xié)定

NFS通過網(wǎng)絡讓不同的機器、不同的操作系統(tǒng)能夠彼此分享個別的數(shù)據(jù)，例如將/home設置為共享目錄，然后共享給網(wǎng)絡中的其它服務器，這樣每臺機器就不必單獨建立自己的/home路徑了，NFS獨立于操作系統(tǒng)，容許不同硬件及操作系統(tǒng)的系統(tǒng)共同進行文件的分享，是在類Unix系統(tǒng)間實現(xiàn)磁盤文件共享的一種方法

NFS本身沒有提供信息傳輸?shù)膮f(xié)議和功能，而是使用RPC服務完成這部分功能。可以說NFS本身就是使用RPC服務的一個程序，或者說NFS也是一個RPC SERVER。所以只要用到NFS的地方都要啟動RPC服務，不論是NFS server還是NFS client，可以這么理解RPC和NFS之間的關系：NFS是一個文件系統(tǒng)，而RPC負責信息的傳輸

一，系統(tǒng)環(huán)境

Linux Distribution：Ubuntu 14

二，安裝Linux NFS

sean@sean:~$ sudo apt-get install nfs-kernel-server[sudo] password for sean: Reading package lists... DoneBuilding dependency tree    Reading state information... DoneThe following extra packages will be installed: keyutils libgssglue1 libnfsidmap2 libtirpc1 nfs-common rpcbindSuggested packages: open-iscsi watchdogThe following NEW packages will be installed: keyutils libgssglue1 libnfsidmap2 libtirpc1 nfs-common nfs-kernel-server rpcbind0 upgraded, 7 newly installed, 0 to remove and 159 not upgraded.Need to get 460 kB of archives.After this operation, 2,049 kB of additional disk space will be used.Do you want to continue? [Y/n] YGet:1 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/main libgssglue1 amd64 0.4-2ubuntu1 [19.7 kB]Get:2 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/main libnfsidmap2 amd64 0.25-5 [32.2 kB]Get:3 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/main libtirpc1 amd64 0.2.2-5ubuntu2 [71.3 kB]Get:4 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/main keyutils amd64 1.5.6-1 [33.6 kB]Get:5 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates/main rpcbind amd64 0.2.1-2ubuntu2.2 [37.1 kB]Get:6 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates/main nfs-common amd64 1:1.2.8-6ubuntu1.2 [181 kB]Get:7 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates/main nfs-kernel-server amd64 1:1.2.8-6ubuntu1.2 [85.8 kB]Fetched 460 kB in 16s (27.2 kB/s)                       Selecting previously unselected package libgssglue1:amd64.(Reading database ... 168701 files and directories currently installed.)Preparing to unpack .../libgssglue1_0.4-2ubuntu1_amd64.deb ...Unpacking libgssglue1:amd64 (0.4-2ubuntu1) ...Selecting previously unselected package libnfsidmap2:amd64.Preparing to unpack .../libnfsidmap2_0.25-5_amd64.deb ...Unpacking libnfsidmap2:amd64 (0.25-5) ...Selecting previously unselected package libtirpc1:amd64.Preparing to unpack .../libtirpc1_0.2.2-5ubuntu2_amd64.deb ...Unpacking libtirpc1:amd64 (0.2.2-5ubuntu2) ...Selecting previously unselected package keyutils.Preparing to unpack .../keyutils_1.5.6-1_amd64.deb ...Unpacking keyutils (1.5.6-1) ...Selecting previously unselected package rpcbind.Preparing to unpack .../rpcbind_0.2.1-2ubuntu2.2_amd64.deb ...Unpacking rpcbind (0.2.1-2ubuntu2.2) ...Selecting previously unselected package nfs-common.Preparing to unpack .../nfs-common_1%3a1.2.8-6ubuntu1.2_amd64.deb ...Unpacking nfs-common (1:1.2.8-6ubuntu1.2) ...Selecting previously unselected package nfs-kernel-server.Preparing to unpack .../nfs-kernel-server_1%3a1.2.8-6ubuntu1.2_amd64.deb ...Unpacking nfs-kernel-server (1:1.2.8-6ubuntu1.2) ...Processing triggers for man-db (2.6.7.1-1ubuntu1) ...Processing triggers for ureadahead (0.100.0-16) ...ureadahead will be reprofiled on next rebootSetting up libgssglue1:amd64 (0.4-2ubuntu1) ...Setting up libnfsidmap2:amd64 (0.25-5) ...Setting up libtirpc1:amd64 (0.2.2-5ubuntu2) ...Setting up keyutils (1.5.6-1) ...Setting up rpcbind (0.2.1-2ubuntu2.2) ... Removing any system startup links for /etc/init.d/rpcbind ...rpcbind start/running, process 12074Processing triggers for ureadahead (0.100.0-16) ...Setting up nfs-common (1:1.2.8-6ubuntu1.2) ...Creating config file /etc/idmapd.conf with new versionCreating config file /etc/default/nfs-common with new versionAdding system user `statd' (UID 118) ...Adding new user `statd' (UID 118) with group `nogroup' ...Not creating home directory `/var/lib/nfs'.statd start/running, process 12307gssd stop/pre-start, process 12341idmapd start/running, process 12399Processing triggers for ureadahead (0.100.0-16) ...Setting up nfs-kernel-server (1:1.2.8-6ubuntu1.2) ...Creating config file /etc/exports with new versionCreating config file /etc/default/nfs-kernel-server with new version * Not starting NFS kernel daemon: no exports.Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.19-0ubuntu6.7) ...Processing triggers for ureadahead (0.100.0-16) ...