Linux 服務(wù)器上的程序每天都在更新 MySQL 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，于是就想起寫一個(gè) shell 腳本，結(jié)合 crontab，定時(shí)備份數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。其實(shí)非常簡(jiǎn)單，主要就是使用 MySQL 自帶的 mysqldump 命令。

 #!/bin/bash # Shell script to backup MySql database  # To backup Nysql databases file to /backup dir and later pick up by your  # script. You can skip few databases from backup too. # For more info please see (Installation info): # http://www.cyberciti.biz/nixcraft/vivek/blogger/2005/01/mysql-backup-script.html  # Last updated: Aug - 2005 # -------------------------------------------------------------------- # This is a free shell script under GNU GPL version 2.0 or above # Copyright (C) 2004, 2005 nixCraft project # Feedback/comment/suggestions : http://cyberciti.biz/fb/ # ------------------------------------------------------------------------- # This script is part of nixCraft shell script collection (NSSC) # Visit http://bash.cyberciti.biz/ for more information. # ------------------------------------------------------------------------- MyUSER="SET-MYSQL-USER-NAME"   # USERNAME MyPASS="SET-PASSWORD"    # PASSWORD  MyHOST="localhost"     # Hostname # Linux bin paths, change this if it can not be autodetected via which command MYSQL="$(which mysql)" MYSQLDUMP="$(which mysqldump)" CHOWN="$(which chown)" CHMOD="$(which chmod)" GZIP="$(which gzip)" # Backup Dest directory, change this if you have someother location DEST="/backup" # Main directory where backup will be stored MBD="$DEST/mysql" # Get hostname HOST="$(hostname)" # Get data in dd-mm-yyyy format NOW="$(date +"%d-%m-%Y")" # File to store current backup file FILE="" # Store list of databases  DBS="" # DO NOT BACKUP these databases IGGY="test" [ ! -d $MBD ] && mkdir -p $MBD || : # Only root can access it! $CHOWN 0.0 -R $DEST $CHMOD 0600 $DEST # Get all database list first DBS="$($MYSQL -u $MyUSER -h $MyHOST -p$MyPASS -Bse 'show databases')" for db in $DBS do   skipdb=-1   if [ "$IGGY" != "" ];   then   for i in $IGGY   do     [ "$db" == "$i" ] && skipdb=1 || :   done   fi   if [ "$skipdb" == "-1" ] ; then   FILE="$MBD/$db.$HOST.$NOW.gz"   # do all inone job in pipe,   # connect to mysql using mysqldump for select mysql database   # and pipe it out to gz file in backup dir :)     $MYSQLDUMP -u $MyUSER -h $MyHOST -p$MyPASS $db | $GZIP -9 > $FILE   fi done

保存后將以上腳本加入crontab調(diào)度。如：每天早上四點(diǎn)半備份：30 4 * * * /data/backup-db.sh

如果你使用mysql5.1，可能會(huì)提示mysqldump 錯(cuò)誤:

mysqldump: Couldn't execute 'show create table `general_log`': Table 'mysql.general_log' doesn't existmysqldump: Couldn't execute 'show create table `slow_log`': Table 'mysql.slow_log' doesn't exist

原因是mysql庫(kù)中沒(méi)有show_log表和general_log表，需要手動(dòng)創(chuàng)建：

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS general_log (  event_time timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,  user_host mediumtext NOT NULL,  thread_id int(11) NOT NULL,  server_id int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,  command_type varchar(64) NOT NULL,  argument mediumtext NOT NULL ) ENGINE=CSV DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT='General log'; CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS slow_log (  start_time timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,  user_host mediumtext NOT NULL,  query_time time NOT NULL,  lock_time time NOT NULL,  rows_sent int(11) NOT NULL,  rows_examined int(11) NOT NULL,  db varchar(512) NOT NULL,  last_insert_id int(11) NOT NULL,  insert_id int(11) NOT NULL,  server_id int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,  sql_text mediumtext NOT NULL ) ENGINE=CSV DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT='Slow log';