4：通過實例管理命令在服務表里創建一個實例管理服務，設置啟動方式為手動
        c:/>oradim -new -sid mydb -startmode manual
         -pfile "d:/oracle/product/10.1.0/admin/prod/pfile/initmydb.ora"
        ----》奇怪的是服務管理窗口中顯示為啟動，但關閉出錯？ 
c:/>oradim -shutdown -sid mydb -usrpwd mydb
ora-01012: not logged on
        ----》啟動出錯    
c:/>oradim -startup -sid mydb -usrpwd mydb
ora-01078: failure in processing system parameters
lrm-00109: could not open parameter file
'd:/oracle/product/10.1.0/admin/mydb/pfile'
       -----》因為沒創建spfile因此在此指定
c:/>oradim -startup -sid mydb -usrpwd mydb
-pfile "d:/oracle/product/10.1.0/admin/mydb/pfile/initmydb.ora"
ora-00205: error in identifying controlfile, check alert log for more info
d:/oracle/product/10.1.0/admin/mydb/bdump/alert_mydb.log中顯示錯誤原因
大致意思是找不到控制文件，我想可能應該以nomount方式打開，但oradim沒提供這個
選項，于是啟動sqlplus。

c:/>sqlplus /nolog

sql*plus: release 10.1.0.2.0 - production on 星期三 4月 11 10:49:13 2007

copyright (c) 1982, 2004, oracle.       all rights reserved.

sql> connect /as sysdba
error:
ora-12560: tns:protocol adapter error

sql> connect sys/mydb as sysdba
error:
ora-12560: tns:protocol adapter error

sql> exit

c:/>set oracle_sid=mydb

c:/>sqlplus /nolog

sql*plus: release 10.1.0.2.0 - production on 星期三 4月 11 10:50:21 2007

copyright (c) 1982, 2004, oracle.       all rights reserved.

sql> conn sys/mydb as sysdba
connected.
 
sql> startup nomount
ora-01078: failure in processing system parameters
lrm-00109: could not open parameter file 'd:/oracle/product/10.1.0/admin/mydb/pfile'

sql> startup nomount pfile="d:/oracle/product/10.1.0/admin/mydb/pfile/initmydb.ora"
ora-01081: cannot start already-running oracle - shut it down first

sql> shutdown
ora-01507: database not mounted

oracle instance shut down.

sql> startup nomount pfile="d:/oracle/product/10.1.0/admin/mydb/pfile/initmydb.ora"
oracle instance started.

total system global area       171966464 bytes
fixed size                        787988 bytes
variable size                  145750508 bytes
database buffers                25165824 bytes
redo buffers                      262144 bytes

----》因為每次都要指定pfile不方便，可以創建一個
c:/>sqlplus /nolog

sql*plus: release 10.1.0.2.0 - production on 星期三 4月 11 11:02:57 2007

copyright (c) 1982, 2004, oracle.       all rights reserved.

sql> conn sys/mydb as sysdba
connected to an idle instance.
sql> create spfile from pfile;
create spfile from pfile
*
error at line 1:
ora-01078: failure in processing system parameters
lrm-00113: error when processing file
'd:/oracle/product/10.1.0/admin/mydb/pfile'
lrm-00109: could not open parameter file
'd:/oracle/product/10.1.0/admin/mydb/pfile'

----》上面的錯誤原因是第二步造成的，其中ifile="..../initmydb.ora"才行。
sql> create spfile from pfile;
file created.

----》再啟動，不用指定pfile了
sql> startup nomount
oracle instance started.
......

sql> shutdown immediate
ora-01507: database not mounted
oracle instance shut down.

----》重新啟動機器后，orcl數據庫總是顯示為已啟動，mydb為未啟動狀態
這種情況下orcl其實是一個空閑進程，數據庫nomount階段，mydb則沒啟動進程，
所要連接到mydb會出現如下錯誤：
sql> conn sys/mydb as sysdba
error:
ora-12560: tns:protocol adapter error
可從服務管理器中啟動oracleservicemydb則可以連接了。

----》下面兩個操作有點奇怪，我創建的是實例，可使用inst啟動不了，需要用srvc
c:/>oradim -startup -sid mydb -starttype inst -usrpwd mydb
ora-12560: tns:protocol adapter error

c:/>oradim -startup -sid mydb -starttype srvc -usrpwd mydb

5：創建數據庫
sql> create database mydb
       2        logfile
       3        group 1
       4        ('d:/oracle/product/10.1.0/oradata/mydb/redo11.log',
       5         'd:/oracle/product/10.1.0/oradata/mydb/redo12.log') size 10m,
       6        group 2
       7        ('d:/oracle/product/10.1.0/oradata/mydb/redo21.log',
       8         'd:/oracle/product/10.1.0/oradata/mydb/redo22.log') size 10m
       9        datafile 'd:/oracle/product/10.1.0/oradata/mydb/system01.dbf' size 100m
10             autoextend on next 10m maxsize unlimited extent management local
11        sysaux datafile 'd:/oracle/product/10.1.0/oradata/mydb/sysaux01.dbf' size 50m
12        undo tablespace undotbs01 datafile 'd:/oracle/product/10.1.0/oradata/mydb/undotbs1.dbf' size 20m
13        default temporary tablespace temp
14        tempfile 'd:/oracle/product/10.1.0/oradata/mydb/temp01.dbf' size 10m
15        default tablespace users
16        datafile 'd:/oracle/product/10.1.0/oradata/mydb/users01.dbf' size 10m
17*       character set zhs16gbk
create database mydb
*
error at line 1:
ora-01092: oracle instance terminated. disconnection forced

----》查看alert_mydb.log發現錯誤出現在創建undotbs1.dbf后，
wed apr 11 13:48:19 2007
create undo tablespace undotbs01 datafile       'd:/oracle/product/10.1.0/oradata/mydb/undotbs1.dbf' size 20m

ora-30012 signalled during: create undo tablespace undotbs01 datafile       'd:/ora...
wed apr 11 13:48:21 2007
errors in file d:/oracle/product/10.1.0/admin/mydb/udump/mydb_ora_828.trc:
ora-00604: error occurred at recursive sql level 1
ora-30012: undo tablespace 'undotbs1' does not exist or of wrong type

----》為什么說undotbs1不存在？查看參數文件，發現這么兩行
undo_management=auto
undo_tablespace=undotbs1

----》于是刪除剛創建沒成功的一些文件，然后修改創建數據庫語句重新來
sql> conn sys/mydb as sysdba
connected to an idle instance.
sql> startup nomount
oracle instance started.

----》這次原本是創建成功了，但我為了記錄錯誤原因，將創建好的數據庫文件全部刪除又來一次，
然后像下面這樣修改，又處錯了。
total system global area       171966464 bytes
fixed size                        787988 bytes
variable size                  145750508 bytes
database buffers                25165824 bytes
redo buffers                      262144 bytes
sql> l12
12*       undo tablespace undotbs01 datafile 'd:/oracle/product/10.1.0/oradata/mydb/undotbs1.dbf' size 20m
sql> c /undotbs01/undotbs1/
12*       undo tablespace undotbs1 datafile 'd:/oracle/product/10.1.0/oradata/mydb/undotbs1.dbf' size 20m
sql> run
......
create database mydb
*
error at line 1:
ora-01092: oracle instance terminated. disconnection forced

----》還是這個錯誤，但錯誤原因不一樣了
wed apr 11 13:55:39 2007
errors in file d:/oracle/product/10.1.0/admin/mydb/udump/mydb_ora_1344.trc:
ora-01501: create database failed
ora-01991: invalid password file 'd:/oracle/product/10.1.0/db_1/database/pwdmydb.ora'

----》顯示口令文件不可用，估計與剛才的刪除有關，重新創建口令文件吧
見第三步
----》執行創建數據庫的語句創建成功。

----》數據庫創建后，自動處于open狀態，所有v$...都可以查詢，但其他則不可，如：
sql> select * from dba_users;
select * from dba_users
                   *
error at line 1:
ora-00942: table or view does not exist

----》解決上面的問題的方法是加載常用的數據字典包
sql>@d:/oracle/product/10.1.0/db_1/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql

----》使用system用戶連接出現的問題
sql> conn system/zhiqiao
error:
ora-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied
warning: you are no longer connected to oracle.

sql> conn sys/mydb as sysdba
connected.

sql> grant connect to system identified by mydb;
grant succeeded.

sql> conn system/mydb
error:
ora-06550: line 1, column 7:
pls-00201: identifier 'dbms_application_info.set_module' must be declared
ora-06550: line 1, column 7:
pl/sql: statement ignored
error accessing package dbms_application_info
connected.
----》出現錯誤，但連接上了，連接orcl，或者用向導創建時沒有這個問題。
sql> show user;
user is "system"

----》除了數據字典包外，通常還要加載以下包
1：pl/sql程序包       catproc.sql
2：遠程數據復制       catrep.sql
3：java程序包       initjvm.sql
4：系統環境文件，必須以system用戶登陸       db_1/sqlplus/admin/pupbld.sql

加載pl/sql程序包時出現很多錯誤，表或視圖不存在，不知道為什么。