1.在pycharm中新建project demo1 添加app01 點擊create按鈕完成新建
2.在demo項目目錄下新建目錄static，并在settings.py中追加代碼：
STATICFILES_DIRS=(os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static'),)
3.在setting.py中添加模板路徑：
TEMPLATES = [ { 'BACKEND': '...', 'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates'),], 'APP_DIRS': ..., 'OPTIONS': { 'context_processors': [ ... ], }, },]4.學員管理系統數據庫設計：
在app01/model.py目錄下建立 班級、老師、學生 、老師與班級關聯表 四張表：
from django.db import models# Create your models here.class Classes(models.Model): ''' 班級表 ''' a=models.ManyToManyField('Teachers')class Teachers(models.Model): ''' 老師表 ''' name=models.CharField(max_length=32)class Students(models.Model): username=models.CharField(max_length=32) age=models.IntegerField() gender=models.BooleanField() cs=models.ForeignKey(Classes,on_delete=models.CASCADE)在終端Terminal 項目目錄下執行數據表更新命令：
python manage.py makemigrationspython manage.py migrate
至此生成了四張數據表，可以在pycharm中，點開右上角的Database面板，然后將項目中templates目錄下邊的db.sqlite3鼠標拖拽到Database面板下，對新創建的數據表進行查看。
5.學員管理系統之班級管理：
為了方便分別操作班級、老師、學生相關的業務，將app01目錄下的views.py 刪掉，在app01目錄下新建目錄views，并在views目錄下 新建classes.py teachers.py students.py。
1.在classes.py 中寫 get_classes add_classes del_classes edit_classes四個函數，完成對 班級數據 的增刪改查：
from django.shortcuts import render,redirectfrom app01 import modelsdef get_classes(request): cls_list = models.Classes.objects.all() return render(request,'get_classes.html',{'cls_list':cls_list})def add_classes(request): if request.method=='GET': return render(request,'add_classes.html') elif request.method=='POST': models.Classes.objects.create(title=title) return redirect('/classes.html')def del_classes(request): nid=request.GET.get('nid','') models.Classes.objects.filter(id=nid).delete() return redirect('/classes.html')def edit_classes(request): if request.method=="GET": nid = request.GET.get('nid', '') obj=models.Classes.objects.get(id=nid) return render(request,'edit_classes.html',{'obj':obj}) elif request.method=="POST": nid=request.POST.get('nid','') models.Classes.objects.filter(id=nid).update(title=title) return redirect('/classes.html')2.在urls.py 中配置url路由：
from django.contrib import adminfrom django.urls import pathfrom app01.views import classes,students,teachersurlpatterns = [ path('admin/', admin.site.urls), path('classes.html', classes.get_classes), path('add_classes.html', classes.add_classes), path('del_classes.html', classes.del_classes), path('edit_classes.html', classes.edit_classes), # path('teachers.html', teachers.get_teachers), # path('students.html', students.get_studernts),]3.在template目錄下建立所需的html頁面文件：
get_classes.html
DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <style> tr td{ border:1px solid #000;text-align:center;} </style> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title></head><body><div> <table> <thead> <tr> <th>ID</th> <th>名稱</th> <th>操作</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> {% for row in cls_list %} <tr> <td>{{ row.id }}</td> <td>{{ row.title }}</td> <td><a href="/del_classes.html?nid={{ row.id }}" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >刪除</a> |<a href="/edit_classes.html?nid={{ row.id }}" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >編輯</a> </td> </tr> {% endfor %} </tbody> </table></div><div><a href="/add_classes.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >添加</a> </div></body></html>add_classes.html
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title></head><body><form action="/add_classes.html" method="post"> {% csrf_token %} <input type="text" name="title"> <input type="submit" value="提交"></form></body></html>edit_classes.html
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title></head><body><form method="post" action="/edit_classes.html"> {% csrf_token %} <input type="hidden" name="nid" value="{{ obj.id }}"> <input type="text" name="xxoo" value="{{ obj.title }}"> <input type="submit" value="提交"></form></body></html>6.學員管理系統之學員管理： 1.在students.py 中寫 get_students add_students del_students edit_students 四個函數，完成對 學生數據 的增刪改查：
from django.shortcuts import render,redirectfrom app01 import modelsdef get_students(request): stu_list=models.Students.objects.all() return render(request,'get_students.html',{'stu_list':stu_list})def add_students(request): if request.method=='GET': cs_list=models.Classes.objects.all() return render(request,'add_students.html',{'cs_list':cs_list}) elif request.method=='POST': u=request.POST.get('username','') a=request.POST.get('age','') g=request.POST.get('gender','') c=request.POST.get('cs','') models.Students.objects.create( username=u, age=a, gender=g, cs_id=c ) return redirect('/students.html')def del_students(request): nid = request.GET.get('nid', '') models.Students.objects.filter(id=nid).delete() return redirect('/students.html')def edit_students(request): if request.method=="GET": nid = request.GET.get('nid', '') obj=models.Students.objects.get(id=nid) cs_list = models.Classes.objects.all() return render(request,'edit_students.html',{'obj':obj,'cs_list':cs_list}) elif request.method=="POST": nid=request.POST.get('nid','') u = request.POST.get('username', '') a = request.POST.get('age', '') g = request.POST.get('gender', '') c = request.POST.get('cs', '') models.Students.objects.filter(id=nid).update( username=u, age=a, gender=g, cs_id=c) return redirect('/students.html')2.在urls.py 中配置url路由：
from django.contrib import adminfrom django.urls import pathfrom app01.views import classes,students,teachersurlpatterns = [ path('admin/', admin.site.urls), path('classes.html', classes.get_classes), path('add_classes.html', classes.add_classes), path('del_classes.html', classes.del_classes), path('edit_classes.html', classes.edit_classes), path('students.html', students.get_students), path('add_students.html', students.add_students), path('del_students.html', students.del_students), path('edit_students.html', students.edit_students), # path('teachers.html', teachers.get_teachers),]3.在template目錄下建立所需的html頁面文件：
get_students.html
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <style> tr td{ border:1px solid #000;text-align:center;} </style> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title></head><body><div> <table> <thead> <tr> <th>ID</th> <th>姓名</th> <th>年齡</th> <th>性別</th> <th>班級</th> <th>操作</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> {% for row in stu_list %} <tr> <td>{{ row.id }}</td> <td>{{ row.username }}</td> <td>{{ row.age }}</td> <td>{{ row.gender }}</td> <td>{{ row.cs.title }}</td> <td><a href="/del_students.html?nid={{ row.id }}" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >刪除</a> |<a href="/edit_students.html?nid={{ row.id }}" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >編輯</a> </td> </tr> {% endfor %} </tbody> </table></div><div><a href="/add_students.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >添加</a> </div></body></html>add_students
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title></head><body><h1>添加用戶</h1><form method="post" action="/add_students.html"> {% csrf_token %} <p><input type="text" name="username" placeholder="用戶名"></p> <p><input type="text" name="age" placeholder="年齡"></p> <p> 男<input type="radio" name="gender" value="1"> 女<input type="radio" name="gender" value="0"> </p> <p> <select name="cs"> {% for row in cs_list %} <option value="{{ row.id }}">{{ row.title }}</option> {% endfor %} </select> </p> <p><input type="submit" value="提交"></p></form></body></html>edit_students.html
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title></head><body><h1>編輯用戶</h1><form method="post" action="/edit_students.html"> {% csrf_token %} <input type="hidden" name="nid" value="{{ obj.id }}"> <p><input type="text" name="username" placeholder="用戶名"></p> <p><input type="text" name="age" placeholder="年齡"></p> <p> 男<input type="radio" name="gender" value="1"> 女<input type="radio" name="gender" value="0"> </p> <p> <select name="cs"> {% for row in cs_list %} <option value="{{ row.id }}">{{ row.title }}</option> {% endfor %} </select> </p> <p><input type="submit" value="提交"></p></form></body></html>7.學員管理系統之給班級分配老師：
在teachers數據表中增加一些老師信息：
在pycharm右上角的Database打開面板，然后將template目錄下邊的db.splte3鼠標拖入到Database面板中，打開db==》app01_teachers表
點擊“+”，然后填入老師信息，然后點擊有“DB”標志的向上箭頭，進行數據保存。
1.在classes.py中增加set_teachers函數
def set_teachers(request): if request.method=='GET': nid=request.GET.get('nid','') cls_obj=models.Classes.objects.get(id=nid) cls_teacher_list=cls_obj.a.all() all_teacher_list=models.Teachers.objects.all() return render(request,'set_teachers.html',{ 'cls_teacher_list':cls_teacher_list, 'all_teacher_list':all_teacher_list, 'nid':nid, }) elif request.method=='POST': nid = request.POST.get('nid', '') ids_str=request.POST.getlist('teacher_id','') ids_int=[] for i in ids_str: i=int(i) ids_int.append(i) obj=models.Classes.objects.get(id=nid) obj.a.set(ids_int) return redirect('/classes.html')2.在urls.py 中配置url路由：
from django.contrib import adminfrom django.urls import pathfrom app01.views import classes,students,teachersurlpatterns = [ path('admin/', admin.site.urls), path('classes.html', classes.get_classes), path('add_classes.html', classes.add_classes), path('del_classes.html', classes.del_classes), path('edit_classes.html', classes.edit_classes), path('students.html', students.get_students), path('add_students.html', students.add_students), path('del_students.html', students.del_students), path('edit_students.html', students.edit_students), path('set_teachers.html', classes.set_teachers),] 3.在template目錄下建立所需的html頁面文件：
set_teachers.html
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title></head><body><form action="/set_teachers.html" method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="nid" value="{{ nid }}"> {% csrf_token %} <select multiple size="10" name="teacher_id"> {% for item in all_teacher_list %} {% if item in cls_teacher_list %} <option value="{{ item.id }}" selected="selected">{{ item.name }}</option> {% else %} <option value="{{ item.id }}">{{ item.name }}</option> {% endif %} {% endfor %} </select> <input type="submit" value="提交"></form></body></html>對get_classes.html進行增添修改為：
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title></head><body><div> <table> <thead> <tr> <th>ID</th> <th>名稱</th> <th>任課老師</th> <th>操作</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> {% for row in cls_list %} <tr> <td>{{ row.id }}</td> <td>{{ row.title }}</td> <td> {% for item in row.a.all %} <span>{{ item.name }}</span> {% endfor %} </td> <td><a href="/del_classes.html?nid={{ row.id }}" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >刪除</a> |<a href="/edit_classes.html?nid={{ row.id }}" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >編輯</a> |<a href="/set_teachers.html?nid={{ row.id }}" rel="external nofollow" >分配老師</a> </td> </tr> {% endfor %} </tbody> </table></div><div><a href="/add_classes.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >添加</a> </div></body></html>8.初識Ajax
Ajax是異步傳輸方式，偷偷的向后臺發請求，不引起頁面刷新，下面通過一個小例子來認識Ajax這種數據傳輸方式。
首先下載jQuery導入項目下的static目錄下
1.在app01/Views目錄下新建ajax.py
from django.shortcuts import render,redirect,HttpResponsedef ajax1(request): return render(request,'ajax1.html')def ajax2(request): u=request.GET.get('username') p=request.GET.get('password') return HttpResponse('我愿意')2.在urls.py中配置相關路由
from django.contrib import adminfrom django.urls import pathfrom app01.views import classes,students,teachers,ajaxurlpatterns = [ path('admin/', admin.site.urls), path('classes.html', classes.get_classes), path('add_classes.html', classes.add_classes), path('del_classes.html', classes.del_classes), path('edit_classes.html', classes.edit_classes), path('students.html', students.get_students), path('add_students.html', students.add_students), path('del_students.html', students.del_students), path('edit_students.html', students.edit_students), path('set_teachers.html', classes.set_teachers), path('ajax1.html', ajax.ajax1), path('ajax2.html', ajax.ajax2),]3.在template目錄下新建ajax1.html
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <style> .btn{ display: inline-block; padding: 5px 15px; background-color: coral; color: white; cursor: pointer; } </style></head><body><div> <input placeholder="用戶名" type="text"> <input placeholder="密碼" type="password"> <div class="btn">提交</div></div><script src="/static/jquery-3.3.1.js"></script><script> function submitForm() { var u=$('#username').val(); var p=$('#password').val(); $.ajax({ url:'ajax2.html', type:'GET', data:{username:u,password:p}, success:function (arg) { //回調函數 arg是服務器返回的字符串 console.log(arg) } }) }</script></body></html>9.學員管理系統之Ajax刪除學員： 1.在ajax.py中增加ajax4函數
from app01 import modelsdef ajax4(request): nid=request.GET.get('nid') msg='成功' try: models.Students.objects.get(id=nid).delete() except Exception as e: msg=str(e) return HttpResponse(msg)2.在urls.py中配置相關路由
from django.contrib import adminfrom django.urls import pathfrom app01.views import classes,students,teachers,ajaxurlpatterns = [ path('admin/', admin.site.urls), path('classes.html', classes.get_classes), path('add_classes.html', classes.add_classes), path('del_classes.html', classes.del_classes), path('edit_classes.html', classes.edit_classes), path('students.html', students.get_students), path('add_students.html', students.add_students), path('del_students.html', students.del_students), path('edit_students.html', students.edit_students), path('set_teachers.html', classes.set_teachers), path('ajax1.html', ajax.ajax1), path('ajax2.html', ajax.ajax2), path('ajax4.html', ajax.ajax4),]3.對get_students.html進行添加修改：
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title></head><body><div> <table> <thead> <tr> <th>ID</th> <th>姓名</th> <th>年齡</th> <th>性別</th> <th>班級</th> <th>操作</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> {% for row in stu_list %} <tr nid="{{ row.id }}"> <td>{{ row.id }}</td> <td>{{ row.username }}</td> <td>{{ row.age }}</td> <td>{{ row.gender }}</td> <td>{{ row.cs.title }}</td> <td><a href="/del_students.html?nid={{ row.id }}" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >刪除</a> |<a href="#" rel="external nofollow" >Ajax刪除</a> |<a href="/edit_students.html?nid={{ row.id }}" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >編輯</a> </td> </tr> {% endfor %} </tbody> </table></div><div><a href="/add_students.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >添加</a> </div></body><script src="/static/jquery-3.3.1.js"></script><script> function removeStudent(ths) { var nid=$(ths).parent().parent().attr('nid'); $.ajax({ url:'/ajax4.html', type:'GET', data:{nid:nid}, success:function (arg) { if (arg=='成功'){ window.location.reload(); }else{ alert(arg); } } }) }</script></html>新聞熱點
疑難解答
